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English for Toady
Unit One: Father of the Nation Bangabandhu's Family in 1971 The Tale of Homecoming Bangabandhu at the UN Bangabandhu's Relationship with other countries Unit Two: Pastimes Have You Any Favourite Pastime? Reading Really Helps Change in Pastime Change in Pastimes in Bangladesh Pastimes Vary Unit Three: Events and Festivals Mother's Day May Day International Mother Language Day - 1 International Mother Language Day - 2 Independence Day Pahela Baishakh Unit Four: Are We Aware? The Ferry Boat Are We Too Many? Our Food and Shelter The Story of Lipi Let's become skilled workforce Unit Five: Nature and Environment The Greed of the Mighty Rivers Environmental Pollution Man and Climate Putting Our Fish In Hot Water A Friend of The Earth Unit Six: Our Neighbors Sri Lanka: The Pearl of the Indian Ocean The Maldives India: Unity In Diversity Bhutan: The Land of Happiness Nepal, The Land of Everest Unit Seven: People Who Stand Out Zainul Abedin, The Great Artist The Art Of Silence The Beginning Love For Humanity Love For Humanity The wizard of Apple Job's Childhood Unit Twelve: Roots My Roots My Roots 2 The Return Of the Native In Search Of Identity Unit Fourteen: Pleasure and Purpose Books Two Mothers Remembered The Sands Of Dee Time, You Old Gipsy Man Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening The Purple Jar (Part -1) The Purple Jar (Part -2) The Purple Jar (Part -3) A Pond of Flesh The Three Caskets The Trial Unit Thirteen: Media and Modes of E-communication Media and Modes Of E-Communication Social Network Sevices E- Learning Unit Eleven: Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Sources (Part 1) Renewable Energy Sources (Part 2) Unit Ten: Dreams Have a Dream What I Dream to be They Had Dreams (Part- 1) They Had Dreams (Part- 2) Unit Eight: World Heritage The Shat Gambuj Mosque The Somapura Mahavihara The Statue of Liberty Lake Baikal Unit Nine: Unconventional Jobs Jobs That People Do Weired jobs Around Floral Career

India: Unity In Diversity

নবম-দশম শ্রেণি (মাধ্যমিক) - English for Toady - Unit Six: Our Neighbors | | NCTB BOOK
3

A. Read the following text and complete the activities in section C and D.

India is our closest neighbour. It is the largest among South Asian Countries. In fact, India is the seventh largest country in the world with an area of 3,287,590 square kilometers. India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the South, the Arabian Sea on the West and the Bay of Bengal on the East. It is bordered by Pakistan to the West; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the North; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the East. India is the world's second most  populous country after China. Its population is around 1.5 billion. New Delhi is the capital of India and about 13 million people live in the city.

India is a land of ancient civilization. The social, economic and cultural diversity of this vast country is the result of invasions by different races in the process of history. Indian history begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization and the coming of the Aryans. During this period, Aryan culture flourished in this part of the world. The fifth century saw the unification of India under Ashoka, and it is in his time that Buddhism spread in many parts of Asia. In the eighth century, Islam came to India for the first time and by the eleventh century it had firmly established itself. In 1206, Qutbuddin Aybeck founded the Delhi Sultanate. This was finally succeeded by the Mughal Empire in 1526, under which India once again achieved a large measure of political unity.

It was in the 17th century that the Europeans came to India. This coincided with the disintegration of the Mughal Empire, paving the way for supremacy of the English, the French, the Dutch and the Portuguese who were vying with each other to gain control of India. The English emerged as the 'victors'. In 1774, Warren Hastings was appointed the first Governor General of India by the East India Company. In 1876, Queen Victoria was given the title 'Empress of India' by the British Parliament and India came under the British rule. The British ruled India for nearly two hundred years. This period was marked by India's struggle for independence. Through a series of heroic and patriotic movements to restore freedom, India got its independence in 1947.

The culture of India is one of the oldest and the most unique in the world. There is amazing cultural diversity throughout the country. The South, North, and Northeast have their own distinct cultures and almost every state has carved out its own cultural distinction. There is hardly any culture in the world that is as varied and unique as India. There are 17 major languages and 844 dialects used by the people of India.

India is a tourists' delight. The Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri, the Qutb Minar and the Red Fort are a few of the many wonders which attract people from all over the world. Kashmir has been described as a paradise on earth. The country of mountains, valleys, deserts, rivers and lakes offer the richness of a mini world within a single country. The Nilgiri mountains, hill stations like Ooty and Darjeeling and the temples of South India, Ajanta and Ellora caves are the places one can explore in India.

 

B. Discuss the following questions in pairs.

1. What do you know about the population and geographical area of India?
2. When did Buddhism spread in India?
3. What happened to India during the Mughal Empire?

4 What are some of the tourist attractions in India?

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